Coral Cover: Red Sea - Saudi Arabia 2023-24

Shaded value = in the CV mean (shade deepens with cover) Grey italic = shown for comparison but left out of the CV mean: the gold standard and manual CoralNet annotations (human reference values, not models), Coralscapes (not trusted), and any value that reuses the reference's own data n = frames behind the value — = not run or not applicable (see each region's notes) Site names and method names link out (new tab)

Coral Cover: Red Sea - Saudi Arabia 2023-24

22 sites · 4,554 photos

Gold standard = published values, by area only (no per-site gold). 583 photos manually scored (via CoralNet) for the benchmark. Benchmark photos mostly unedited; CoralSCOP ran on edited photos.

Site	Date	Claude	Claude full set	Manually annotated in CoralNet	DINOv3	Coralscapes v1	Coralscapes v2	CoralSCOP	Mean ± SD of CV	Range
Abu Ejeiah (Thuwal)	2023-09-02–2024-10-04	11.3n=4	partial 0/366	13.5n=4	30.6n=4	14.4n=367	15.7n=367	26.2n=145partial 145/367	22.7 ± 10.1	11.3–30.6
Cement Reef (Thuwal)	2023-09-02–2024-02-23	27.5n=95	26.9n=142partial 142/479	22.1n=95	26.4n=95	19.2n=472	20.0n=472	47.0n=1partial 1/471	33.7 ± 11.6	26.4–47.0
Cement Wreck (Thuwal)	2023-09-08–2024-07-26	20.1n=11	partial 0/387	18.1n=11	33.7n=11	10.4n=392	11.0n=391	partial 0/392	26.9 ± 9.6	20.1–33.7
Rose Reef (Thuwal)	2023-09-08–2024-10-04	24.4n=3	partial 0/438	20.0n=3	46.7n=3	15.8n=457	17.6n=457	21.0n=68partial 68/456	30.7 ± 13.9	21.0–46.7
Um Mankout (Yanbu)	2023-09-15	32.7n=2	partial 0/227	32.9n=2	67.2n=2	25.6n=229	26.5n=229	partial 0/229	50.0 ± 24.4	32.7–67.2
Al Fasmah (Yanbu)	2023-09-16	—	partial 0/116	—	—	24.4n=116	25.1n=116	partial 0/116	—	—
Alrass Alakhdar (Yanbu)	2023-09-16	—	partial 0/57	—	—	27.2n=58	27.1n=58	partial 0/58	—	—
Thetis (Yanbu)	2023-10-06–2024-08-09	26.8n=5	partial 0/169	22.3n=5	23.5n=5	14.8n=171	15.6n=171	19.1n=23partial 23/171	23.1 ± 3.8	19.2–26.8
Mr. Umluj (Yanbu)	2023-10-07–2024-08-09	—	16.7n=139partial 139/326	—	—	22.0n=326	23.1n=326	partial 0/326	—	—
Long Reef (Thuwal)	2023-11-17	—	partial 0/88	—	—	18.4n=91	19.7n=91	partial 0/91	—	—
Cave Reef (Thuwal)	2024-02-09	33.3n=2	partial 0/65	36.7n=2	36.7n=2	11.5n=71	12.5n=71	partial 0/71	35.0 ± 2.4	33.3–36.7
Abu Galawa (Yanbu)	2024-04-19	—	partial 0/135	—	—	22.3n=140	24.0n=140	partial 0/140	—	—
Chicken Wreck (Jeddah)	2024-08-02–17	16.1n=125	partial 0/171	16.0n=125	27.4n=126	15.1n=210	15.7n=210	partial 0/153	21.7 ± 8.0	16.1–27.4
Drogon Corals (Jeddah)	2024-08-02	0.0n=1	partial 0/65	0.0n=1	13.3n=1	11.9n=66	12.4n=66	partial 0/66	6.7 ± 9.4	0.0–13.3
Anderson's Reef-I (Jeddah)	2024-08-03	50.0n=1	partial 0/146	66.7n=1	76.7n=1	22.4n=147	23.9n=147	partial 0/147	63.3 ± 18.9	50.0–76.7
Anderson's Reef-II (Jeddah)	2024-08-03	42.2n=3	18.3n=139partial 139/175	39.8n=3	44.4n=3	18.3n=174	19.3n=174	partial 0/174	43.3 ± 1.5	42.2–44.4
Coral Gardens (Jeddah)	2024-08-10–17	35.8n=156	partial 0/271	28.6n=156	44.5n=156	19.1n=254	20.6n=254	36.4n=2partial 2/254	38.9 ± 4.9	35.8–44.5
north Rabigh (shore) (Rabigh)	2024-08-16	31.2n=175	partial 0/158	23.5n=175	56.5n=175	14.8n=122	15.9n=122	partial 0/122	43.8 ± 17.9	31.2–56.5
unnamed site 1 (Al Qunfudah)	2024-08-30	—	partial 0/123	—	—	18.1n=119	18.9n=119	partial 0/119	—	—
unnamed site 2 (Al Qunfudah)	2024-08-30	—	partial 0/86	—	—	13.3n=70	14.7n=70	27.5n=1partial 1/70	27.5	27.5–27.5
Shark Reef (Thuwal)	2024-08-31–09-14	—	partial 0/352	—	—	12.2n=334	13.4n=334	partial 0/334	—	—
Bhadur Reef (Jeddah)	2024-09-07	—	partial 0/174	—	—	16.6n=168	16.9n=168	partial 0/168	—	—
All sites (unweighted mean)		—	—	—	—	17.6	18.6	—	—	—

Notes for Red Sea - Saudi Arabia 2023-24 (16)

[a] No per-site gold standard: the published manual cover (Mayfield 2025, Environments 12:248, Table 4) is by AREA only - Thuwal 16.1% (n=2567); Jeddah 21.6% (n=1160); Rabigh 23.6% (n=173).
[b] Anderson's own CoralNet points on the benchmark frames (redsea_claude_arm, 746 frames), (30 − WATER − FISH − DVR), Unk kept (Red Sea paper §2.2), recomputed per frame by score_redsea_claude_20260919.py ('refb').
[c] Not built: CoralNet robot labels exist in the Red Sea export, but the Site field is empty on its 207,090 rows, so no site join has been made (build_region_cv_table.py --list).
[d] DINOv3 (priority6 fine-tune) point predictions at Anderson's CoralNet points on the benchmark frames (CRD AI/redsea_cv_2026-09/redsea_dinov3_point_predictions.csv); hard_coral / (points − WATER − FISH − DVR by reference label). No full-set DINOv3 run exists (runner written 2026-09-23, never run).
[e] THIN SAMPLE (under 30 frames at this site): indicative only.
[f] Coralscapes v2 on EDITED frames (data_reports/redsea_cv_20260923/coralscapes_edited_v2_by_pin.json; per-frame outputs on the external drive).
[g] Coralscapes (v1 EPFL-ECEO/coralscapes-vit-b-dpt; v2 coralscapesv2-dinov3-vitb-lora-dpt) is not trusted (Anderson): shown, never averaged. Area fraction, not a point count.
[h] Coralscapes v1 on UNEDITED frames (coralscapes_unedited_by_pin.json; the CSV also carries the unedited v2 value). Per-frame outputs on the external drive.
[i] CoralSCOP = per-frame sum of colony-mask area fractions (zero-filled; overlapping masks double-count), averaged over frames with an ok row. Area index, not a point count: denominator differs from any point-count reference.
[j] CoralSCOP full-set run, EDITED frames (maps/redsea_map_build/coralscop_survey_saudi = the CoralNet-annotated Saudi subset, and coralscop_survey_egypt_edited), IN PROGRESS.
[k] PARTIAL - run still in progress; value is on the frames scored so far (n shown; N = frames in the arm/manifest for this site, see header line).
[l] Claude benchmark arm (redsea_claude_arm, complete 746/746): blind HC/NOT/UNK calls at Anderson's 30 CoralNet points, same denominator as the manually annotated (CoralNet) cell ('clb'). Frames shown were mostly UNEDITED (645 of 747 index rows); basis per site in the CSV.
[m] Claude FULL-SET arm (redsea_full_claude_arm; EDITED, AI-processed where no edit exists; 20 pts, 7-call, (HC+BL)/(20 − WATER − FISH − OBST)), RUNNING: shown, not averaged until complete.
Mean/Range: Mean ± SD and Range are over the CV cells that enter the mean (CoralNet where independent, DINOv3, CoralSCOP unedited/edited, Claude). Gold standard, frames manually annotated in CoralNet, Coralscapes and same-measurement cells are shown but never averaged (*).
Methods: Claude (Anthropic); DINOv3 (Meta; paper; used here as the frozen backbone of the in-house classifier); Coralscapes v1 and v2 (EPFL-ECEO; dataset paper, code); CoralSCOP (Zheng et al., CVPR 2024); CoralNet.
Sites: names drop the region prefix (hover for the full name) and link to the site's CRD page, or to the regional summary page where the site has none. Date = survey date from the map pins (first–last visit); sites are listed earliest first, undated sites last.

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